RELATED FACTORS WITH THE INCOME PER HECTARE OF THE COW-CALF SYSTEM, PANAMA

  • Pedro Guerra-Martínez Institute for Agricultural Innovation of Panama. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-3624
  • Carlos I. Martínez-Delgado Institute for Agricultural Innovation of Panama. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3944-6558
  • José L. Bernal-Rosas Institute for Agricultural Innovation of Panama. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7646-2882
  • María M. De Gracia-Victoria Institute for Agricultural Innovation of Panama.
  • Olegario Ibarra-Guerra Institute for Agricultural Innovation of Panama.
Keywords: Correlations, cow-calf system, income per hectare, multiple regression, path analysis.

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the factors that relate to the gross income per hectare (Iha) in the cow-calf system. It was applied a structured survey to 20 small cattlemen of ASOPEGA (Gualaca, Chiriquí). Selected variables were kilograms of weaned calf per exposed cow to bull (Kgvet), kilograms of sold calf (Kgtrnvnd), stocking rate (UAha), farm size (Areafca), discard rate (Tasadsc), kilograms of weaned calf per pasture hectare (kghapast), herd size (Tamhato), calf crop (Cosecha), and number of cows (Numvaca). Selection of variables were based on a Pearson correlation analysis. Data was analyzed by a path analysis based on structural equations. There were three proposed hypothesized models. Model was selected according to pre-established statistical criteria. The third model was selected. Highest correlations were between Kgtrnvnd vs. Kgvet (r = 0,93***); Tamhato vs. Nmvaca (r = 0,90***), and Tamhato vs. Areafca (r = 0,67***). Direct effects of Kgtrnvnd and UAha on Iha were 0,477 ± 0,140 and 0,532 ± 0,134, respectively. Direct effect of Kgvet on Kgtrnvnd was 0,928 ± 0,024; Numvaca and Areafca on UAha were 0,982 ± 0,184 and -0,988 ± 0,183, respectively. Direct effect of Tamhato on Numvaca was 0,902 ± 0,043. Indirect effect of Tamhato on Iha through Numvaca and UAha was 0,471 ± 0,156. Path analysis resulted in a good methodological tool for research and prediction of cow farm systems to determinate statistically factors that influence on the Iha.

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Published
2025-07-25
How to Cite
Guerra-Martínez, P., Martínez-Delgado, C., Bernal-Rosas, J., De Gracia-Victoria, M., & Ibarra-Guerra, O. (2025). RELATED FACTORS WITH THE INCOME PER HECTARE OF THE COW-CALF SYSTEM, PANAMA. Ciencia Agropecuaria, (41), 120-140. Retrieved from http://www.revistacienciaagropecuaria.ac.pa/index.php/ciencia-agropecuaria/article/view/680
Issue
No 41 (2025): CIENCIA AGROPECUARIA
Section
Artículos

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