SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN THE GENOME OF PANAMANIAN CREOLE BOVINE
Abstract
Climate change is defined as the spatial, both local and global, and temporal variations of environmental climatic variables on Earth. In relation to this problem and the species that suffer these effects, there is a phenomenon called phenotypic plasticity, which is defined as the property of a genotype to originate different phenotypes, depending on the conditions of the surrounding environment, whether biotic or abiotic. Taking advantage of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis in cattle, it is now possible to scan the genome for regions involved in adaptation to the local environment. These domestic species are presented as biological models to describe the short-term response to abiotic-type pressures, such as climate, during their migration from the centers of domestication and their dispersal to new ecosystems and their diversification in populations or races due to natural selection, artificial and genetic drift. The objective of this work was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes associated with environmental variables in Guaymí and Guabalá Creole cattle in Panama. An array of 10,000 SNP markers was used to calculate diversity parameters such as the percentage of polymorphic loci, observed and expected heterozygosity, effective number of alleles (Ne), deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by population, allelic frequencies, indices of Wright fixation, Shannon diversity index. The number of polymorphic loci associated with environmental variables suggest that these breeds still retain adaptive capacity through mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity, to the local environment where they live.
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