ASSOCIATION OF CORN-CANAVALIA IN DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS OF SOWING AND PLANTS DENSITIES. AZUERO, PANAMA. 1994-94.

Abstract

With the objective of measuring the effects of the association of corn (Zea mays L.) with canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis Jacq.) over the crop yield were sown three trials in the same number of localities of Azuero, Panama, during the agricultural cycle 1993-94. There were included six treatments in a factorial arrangement corn density by type of association, plus two satellite treatments, in a complete blocks arrangement at random. The sowing of the canavalia was accomplished in two different periods with reference to the corn to 0 days after sowing (das) in alternate rows (AR), for theoretical population of 2.2 plants/m² and 21 das in continuous rutes (CR) for a theoretical population of 4.4 plants/m². The sowing of this leguminous was accomplished to 50 cm between blow in the center of the row of the corn, setting two plants by blow. The corn was sown to the densities of 4.4 and 6.6 plants/m². All the treatments received 227 kg/ha of 15-30-8 and 227 kg/ha of urea from 30 das. The results of the trial demonstrated no meaningful differences in the grain yield by the effect of the association, though in the plots without leguminous was observed a greater grain yield, followed by the late association in CR and the early association in AR (4.48, 4.37 and 4.13 th/ha, respectively). To increase it the initial population of the corn increased of meaningful way the number of plants and the harvested ears, but reduced statistical number of ears by plants and the weight of the ears, in such a way that, it was only observed a light profit by the effect of increasing the population of corn plants. Total biomass production was greater in the plots with early association in AR. To reduce it the size of the free rows of the leguminous did not had positive effects in the final production of the corn grain.